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La vie des paroisses en Angleterre à la fin du XVIIIe siècle : encadrement et résidence pastorale

Author

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  • Viviane Barrie-Curien

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Cet article cherche à cerner de manière quantitative le problème de la résidence du clergé dans un diocèse anglais, celui de Londres, au cours de la seconde partie du XVIIIe siècle, à partir des données fournies par les visites pastorales. Il en ressort que la non-résidence touche une proportion très importante de paroisses, mais qu'elle est corrigée en grande partie par la proximité de l'habitat du pasteur absentéiste (le village voisin très souvent), par le déploiement de très nombreux curares remplaçants, et par un réseau d'entraide cléricale très dense dans les villes et dans les campagnes, caractéristique du sud-est de l'Angleterre. Une analyse plus poussée permet de voir les motivations de l'absentéisme du clergé : le cumul de bénéfices, malgré sa mauvaise réputation, parait moins déterminant que l'insalubrité de certaines parties du diocèse et le mauvais état des presbytères dans ces mêmes régions où les pasteurs ne tiennent pas à habiter ; la ville, surtout Londres, parait plus attractive que les campagnes, de par les revenus élevés des paroisses métropolitaines, et de par les exigences spirituelles d'une population plus nombreuse. Enfin, le début du XIXe siècle voit l'intérêt du Parlement relayer celui des évêques, et ses enquêtes constituent d'autres sources précieuses pour l'étude de la vie des paroisses. [eng] Résumé This paper attempts a quantitative approach of the issue of clerical residence in an English diocese, namely that of London, during the second part of the 18th Century, based on the data provided by episcopal visitations. It shows that non-residence affected a very important proportion of parishes, but that it was amended in a large part by the vicinity of the absenteeist clergyman's house (very often in the neighbouring village), by the deployment of numerous curates to replace incumbents, and by a very tight network of clergy who helped each other in towns and in the country, which is one characteristic of southeast England. A more detailed analysis leads into the motivations of clerical absenteeism : pluralism, however criticized, seems a less decisive element than the unhealthy climate and situation of some parts of the diocese, and the dilapidation of parsonage-houses in the same regions, where clergymen were not inclined to live. Towns, particularly London, were more attractive than the country, owing to the high revenues of the metropolitan parishes, and to the spiritual demands of a more numerous population. Lastly, the beginning of the 19th century witnessed the interest of Parliament take over from the bishops', and its inquiries provide other useful sources for the study of parochial life.

Suggested Citation

  • Viviane Barrie-Curien, 1986. "La vie des paroisses en Angleterre à la fin du XVIIIe siècle : encadrement et résidence pastorale," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 5(2), pages 187-215.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1986_num_5_2_1423
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1986.1423
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1986.1423
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