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Atouts, faiblesses et limites de l'histoire démographique des XIXeme et XXeme siècles

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  • Pierre Guillaume

Abstract

[eng] Demographic history has made a name for itself through works on the modern period, while the 19th and 20th Centuries have remained somewhat neglected by historians. The latter have to deal with multiple sources, and need to read them with a precise knowledge of how they were elaborated. This abundance of documents allows to give the first place to a differential study of the biological fate of several social categories, which reflects their way of life. If, beyond social history, the economic historian, as well as the one of international relations, must take into account the demographic factor, he must exclude all oversimplified determinism which would incline towards a populationist or a malthusian pattern. The demographic factor interacts with others, and is less able to determine by himself and evolution of decisions which used to involve Europe alone, and now are concerned with the whole world. [fre] Résumé La démographie historique s'est imposée par des travaux portant sur l'époque moderne, alors que les XIXe et XXe siècles restaient quelque peu négligés par les historiens. Ceux-ci doivent traiter des sources multiples, dont la lecture suppose une connaissance précise de leur mode d'élaboration. Cette richesse documentaire permet de privilégier une étude différentielle du destin biologique des diverses catégories sociales, lui-même reflet de leurs conditions de vie. Si, par delà l'histoire sociale, le facteur démographique est à prendre en compte par l'historien de l'économie comme par celui des relations internationales, c'est en excluant tout déterminisme sommaire que cherchent à imposer des discours aussi bien populationnistes que malthusiens. Le facteur démographique entre en effet en inter-action avec d'autres facteurs, beaucoup plus qu'il ne détermine à lui seul évolutions ou décisions hier à l'échelle de la seule Europe, aujourd'hui à celle du monde.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Guillaume, 1986. "Atouts, faiblesses et limites de l'histoire démographique des XIXeme et XXeme siècles," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 5(1), pages 125-135.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1986_num_5_1_1418
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1986.1418
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1986.1418
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