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Les carrières salariales en France de 1967 à 1982 : la crise a touché inégalement les professions et les générations

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  • Yves Guillotin

Abstract

[eng] Salaried careers in France from 1967 to 1982 : various jobs and age-groups were unequally affected by the depression - Until the middle 70's, a favourable economic environment led to a gradual rise of salaries from one generation to the next : for instance, a senior executive born in 1 950 entered the labour market with an actual salary which was 60 % higher than what his collleague, who was born in 1944, has received six years earlier. During the 80' s, the problem-ridden economic environment tended to reduce the growth of salaries : they kept increasing as employees grew older, however, there was practically no improvement from one generation to the next. . The economic environment did not have the same effect on all categories of wage-earners and successive generations of workers. Hence, within the same age-group, the beginning of the depression had a more profound effect on senior executives than on workers, and also on men rather than women. Finally, in addition to the economic environment and socioprofes- sional factors, a wage earner's age-group also had a specific effect on his salary. Thus, all other things being equal, the wage-earners who entered the labour market from just after World War Two to the early sixties had an advantage compared to the previous and following generations. They probably enjoyed a privileged situation — better training than their elders, a scarcity of skilled workers face with a dynamic demand — which they were able to maintain later on. [spa] Las carreras salariales en Francia de 1967 a 1982 : la crisis afectó de manera desigual . a las distintas profesiones y generaciones - Hasta la mitad de la década del 70, la coyuntura favorable provoeó un descontrol salarial positivo entre las generaciones sucesivas : por ejemplo un alto ejecutivo nacido en 1950, en el momento de entrar en el mercado laboral, dispone de un salario real superior en un 60 % al salario que ganaba, seis años antes, su colega de la generaciôn de 1 944. En el transcurso de los años 80, la coyuntura dificil tiende a reducir los descontroles salariales : el salario se incrementa siempre con la edad pero ya casi no se registran más diferencias considerables de una generación a otra. . El efecto de la coyuntura no se aplica de manera uniforme a todas las categorias de asalariados ni a las generaciones sucesivas. Es asi como la llegada de la crisis afectó más a los ejecutivos superiores que a los obreros y a los hombres que a las mujeres. Por ultimo, más alla de la coyuntura y de las particularidades socioprofesionales, subsiste aún un efecto sobre el salario inhérente a la « generación » a la que se pertenece. De ese modo, los asalariados que entraron en el mercado de trabajo durante el periodo inmediatamente posterior a la guerra hasta el comienzo de los anos sesenta, fueron más favorecidos, en igualdad de condiciones, que las generaciones précédentes y las siguientes. Gozaron del beneficio de una situación privilegiada : mejor formación que sus predecesores, escasez de calificaciones frente a una demanda dinámica; situación esta que pudieron mantener ulteriormente. [fre] Jusqu'au milieu des années soixante-dix, la conjoncture favorable provoque une dérive salariale positive entre les générations successives : par exemple, un cadre supérieur né en 1 950 dispose, à son entrée sur le marché du travail, d'un salaire réel supérieur de 60 % à celui dont disposait son aîné de la génération né en 1 944, six ans plus tôt. Au cours des années quatre-vingt, la conjoncture difficile tend à réduire les dérives salariales : le salaire croît toujours avec l'âge, mais il n'y a quasiment plus de progrès d'une génération à la suivante. . L'effet de la conjoncture ne s'applique pas uniformément à toutes les catégories de salariés, ni aux générations successives. Ainsi, l'entrée dans la crise frappe plus, à âge égal, les cadres supérieurs que les ouvriers, plus aussi les hommes que les femmes. Enfin, au- delà de la conjoncture et des particularismes socioprofessionnels, subsiste un effet propre de la génération d'appartenance sur le salaire. Ainsi, les salariés qui entrent sur le marché dans l'immédiat après-guerre et jusqu'au début des années soixante sont, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, favorisés par rapport aux générations précédentes et suivantes. Ils ont probablement bénéficié d'une situation privilégiée — meilleure formation que leurs aînés, rareté des qualifications face à une demande dynamique — qu'ils ont pu sauvegarder ensuite.

Suggested Citation

  • Yves Guillotin, 1988. "Les carrières salariales en France de 1967 à 1982 : la crise a touché inégalement les professions et les générations," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 210(1), pages 13-20.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1988_num_210_1_5206
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1988.5206
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1988.5206
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    Cited by:

    1. Kadija Charni, 2016. "Is it Better to Work When We Are Older? An Empirical Comparison Between France and Great Britain," Working Papers halshs-01393268, HAL.

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