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Une exigence de compétitivité pour l'économie française

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Abstract

[fre] Un scénario d'environnement international « coopératif » pour les cinq années à venir illustre comment la contrainte extérieure risque de limiter les possibilités de croissance de l'économie française. Le solde industriel est à peine équilibré et le solde des paiements courants ne dégage que peu d'excédents. La croissance progresse d'abord à un rythme inférieur à celui de nos partenaires, pour s'en rapprocher en fin de période. Les perspectives sont plus favorables pour l'inflation, qui est stabilisée, et pour le déficit public, qui recule progressivement. Mais, en l'absence de tout traitement social, le marché du travail continue de se détériorer. . Si l'avenir de l'économie mondiale est moins coopératif, les perspectives à moyen terme s'assombrissent : la moindre progression de la demande mondiale détériore notre solde industriel et pèse sur l'emploi. La disparition progressive du taux majoré de la TVA, déjà amorcée en 1 987, et conséquence de nos engagements communautaires, risque également de peser sur le solde industriel. Cette taxe revêt en effet un aspect protectionniste, en limitant la demande dans des activités où la pénétration du marché intérieur est forte. . Dans tous ces scénarios, l'obstacle à l'expansion est une contrainte extérieure due à une insuffisance de capacité d'offre industrielle. Accroître cette capacité d'offre par des investisseurs nouveaux et mieux orientés ainsi que par une meilleure utilisation du capital existant est nécessaire pour autoriser des résultats plus satisfaisants. [spa] Una exigencia de competitividad para la economía francesa - Un escenario de entorno « cooperativo » a nivel internacional para los cinco anos venideros permite ilustrar de que modo la coacción externa corre el riesgo de limitar las posibilidades de crecimiento de la economía francesa. El saldo industrial esta a penas equilibrado y el balance de pagos corrientes arroja pocas ganancias. El crecimiento progresa a un ritmo inferior al de nuestros socios, acercándose al mismo al fin del período. Las perspectivas son más favorables para la inflación que está estabilizada y para el deficit público que disminuye progresivamente. Pero como consecuencia de la falta de un tratamiento social adecuado, el mercado de trabajo continua deteríorándose. . Si el futuro de la economia mundial es menos « cooperativo », las perspectivas a mediano plazo son sombrias : el mínimo aumento de la demanda mundial deteriora nuestro saldo industrial, constituyendo de ese modo para el empleo. La desaparición progressiva de la tasa con recargo del IVA ya iniciada en 1987 como consecuencia de nuestros compromisos comunitarios puede igualmente constituir un lastre para el saldo industrial. Esta tasa présenta efectivamente un aspecto proteccionista al limitar la demanda en ciertas actividades en las que la penetración del mercado interior es fuerte. . En todos estos escenarios, el obstâculo para la expansion esta dado por una coacciôn externa debida a una insuficiencia de capacidad de oferta industrial. Acrecentar esta capacidad de oferta por nuevas inversiones mejor orientadas asi como por una mejor utilizaciôn del capital existente es fundamental para Ilegar a obtener resultados mâs satisfactorios. [eng] The necessity of competitiveness for the French economy - A model with a « cooperative » external environment over the next five years illustrates how external constraints could limit the French economy's capacities for growth. The manufactured goods balance would be only barely even and the balance of current payments would free only a small surplus. First, economic growth would progress, at a slower rythm than that of our partners and would then approach theirs towards the end of the period. Prospects would be more favorable for inflation which would be stabilized and for public deficit which would progressively shrink. But without any social policy, the labor market would continue to deteriorate. . If, in the future, there were to be less willingness to coordinate economic policies, mid-term prospects would be gloomier. A lesser progression of the external demand would damage our manufactured goods balance and weigh negatively on employment. The progressive disappearance of the VAT surcharge, which begun in 1 987, as a consequence of our commitments to the European Community, might also have an impact on the manufactured goods balance. This tax has in fact a protectionnist effect by limiting the demand for commodities for which the share of foreign producers is very large. . II all scenarios, the obstacle to expansion is the external constraint due to the insufficiency of the supply capacity. It is necessary to increase this capacity to allow for better results. This increase could be done by new and reallocated investments as well as by a better utilization of existing capital.

Suggested Citation

  • Anonymous or collective, 1987. "Une exigence de compétitivité pour l'économie française," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 205(1), pages 5-15.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1987_num_205_1_5147
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1987.5147
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1987.5147
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