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L'économie française en 1986

Author

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  • Patrick Allard
  • Pierre Villa

Abstract

[fre] La chute du prix du pétrole, la faiblesse du prix des matières premières et la baisse continue du dollar modifient profondément l'environnement international de la France et les conditions de la croissance. Les gains des termes de l'échange, qui représentent 2,2 % du PIB marchand, procurent un revenu qui s'ajoute aux revenus de la croissance. Tous les agents en bénéficient. Mais le partage des revenus se déforme à l'avantage des entreprises, au détriment des administrations et surtout des ménages. En effet, les entreprises ne répercutent pas complètement la baisse du prix des matières premières importées, les hausses de salaires sont modérées par rapport aux gains de productivité et le taux des prélèvements obligatoires diminue légèrement, principalement à cause de la baisse des cotisations sociales. La consommation augmente assez fortement. En effet, la désinflation permet de diminuer l'épargne affectée à la reconstitution des encaisses et elle accroît le pouvoir d'achat des intérêts reçus par les ménages. Les comptes d'exploitation des entreprises s'améliorent : leur investissement augmente plus que la consommation, mais insuffisamment pour combler le retard des années précédentes. . Le desserrement de la contrainte extérieure obtenu grâce à la baisse de la facture pétrolière permet un désendettement. Mais la forte réduction de l'excédent des échanges de produits industriels indique que la contrainte extérieure a changé de nature. Des problèmes structurels subsistent : insuffisance de capacités compétitives dans l'industrie, inachèvement de la désinflation, déficit tendanciel des administrations sociales et montée continue du chômage. [eng] The French economy in 1986 - The drop in oil prices, the weakness in the price of raw materials and the continuing decline of the dollar profoundly modified France's international environment and the conditions for growth. The profits from trade terms, which represented 2,2 % of the trade Gross Domestic Product, procured revenue which was added to growth revenue. All agents benefitted from it. But revenue sharing was deformed to the advantage of companies and to the detriment of administrations and, above all, households. Indeed, companies did not completely pass on the drop in the price of imported raw materials, salary raises were moderate in relation to gains in productivity, and the rate of mandatory withholding decreased slightly, principally because of the lowering of social contributions. Consumption increased rather significantly. Disinflation permitted a decrease of savings allocated for the reconstitution of reserves. It increased the purchasing power of interest received by households. On the other hand, while company development accounts improved, investment increased very little. . The loosening of the foreign trade constraint, obtained thanks to the drop in the oil bill, permitted a diminution of debt. But the significant reduction of the trade surplus of industrial products indicated that the foreign constraint had changed in nature. Structural problems remained : insufficiency of competitive capacity in industry, incomplete disinflation, deficit tendencies in social administrations, and a continuous rise in unemployment. [spa] La economia francesa en 1986 - La caida del precio del petróleo, el escaso precio de las materias primas y la baja constante del dólar modifican profundamente el contexto internacional de Francia y las condiciones del crecimiento económico. Las ganancias en terminos de intercambio, que representan 2,2 % del Producto Interno Bruto comercial, proporcionan un ingreso que se anade a los beneficios del crecimiento. Todos los agentes sociales benefician del mismo pero la distribución de la renta es desigual ya que aventaja a las empresas en detrimento de la administración y sobre todo de los hogares. Ciertamente, en las empresas no se repercute completamente la baja del precio de las materias primas importadas, el aumento de los salarios es moderado con relación a las ganancias de productividad y la tasa de deducciones obligatorias disminuye levemente a causa de la baja de las cotizaciones sociales. El consumo aumenta considerablemente. La desinflación permite disminuir el ahorro destinado a la reconstitución de los encajes, acrecentando el poder adquisitivo de los intereses percibidos por los hogares. Por el contrario, si bien las cuentas de explotaciôn de las empresas mejoran, la inversion aumenta poco. . El aligeramiento de las obligaciones externas obtenido gracias a la baja del importe correspondiente a las importaciones petroleras trae aparejado un desendeudamiento. Pero la fuerte reducción del excedente de intercambios de productos industriales indica que la presión externa cambió de naturaleza. Siguen subsistiendo problemas estructurales taies como la insuficiencia de capacidades competitivas en la industria, la persistencia de la desinflación, el déficit de la administración social y el aumento constante del desempleo.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Allard & Pierre Villa, 1987. "L'économie française en 1986," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 201(1), pages 3-14.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1987_num_201_1_5101
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1987.5101
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1987.5101
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