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L'insertion dans les échanges internationaux : comparaison de cinq grands pays développés

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  • André Orléan

Abstract

[fre] En matière de commerce extérieur, les positions fortes de la France et du Royaume-Uni sont disséminées au sein du système industriel. A l'inverse, les produits pour lesquels le Japon et l'Allemagne fédérale sont nettement excédentaires peuvent être regroupés à l'intérieur d'ensembles rassemblant des activités voisines, les « grandes branches ». Ces deux pays disposent ainsi de nombreux pôles de compétitivité, structures cohérentes, couvrant de larges gammes de produits et, de ce fait, bien armées face à un environnement incertain. L'Italie est en situation intermédiaire. Du fait de ses nombreux pôles de compétitivité, l'Allemagne concurrence fortement ses partenaires dans les échanges intracommunautaires de produits industriels. Ainsi, dans les branches souvent considérées comme les plus « stratégiques », la dégradation des positions britannique, française et italienne, lorsqu'on passe du niveau mondial au niveau communautaire, se situe toujours sur des marchés où l'Allemagne est nettement excédentaire. Cet effet est particulièrement marqué dans le cas de la France, un peu atténué pour le Royaume-Uni et l'Italie. [eng] Where foreign trade is concerned, the strong positions of France and the United Kingdom spread throughout the industrial system. Conversely, the products which bring about Japan and West Germany's distinct trade surplus can be seen as groups of related activities, the « major branches ». For this reason, these two countries possess numerous poles of competitiveness and coherent stuctures covering large ranges of products. Because of their coherence, these poles are well armed against an uncertain environment. Italy is in an intermediate situation. Because of its numerous poles of competitiveness. West Germany is a strong competitor for its partners in the intracommunity trade of industrial products. Thus, when one passes from the world-wide level to the community level in the branches often considered the most « strategic », the deterioration of the British, French and Italian positions is always found in the markets in which West Germany shows a distinct trade surplus. This effect is particularly marked in the case of France, less so for the United Kingdom and Italy. [spa] En materia de comercio exterior, las posiciones firmes de Francia y del Reino Unido estân diseminadas dentro del sistema industrial. A la inversa, los productos para los cuales Japon y la Repûblica federal de Alemania son rotundamente superadores pueden reagruparse dentro de conjuntos que congregan actividades parecidas, « grandes ramas ». Ambos paises disponen asi de numerosos polos de competitividad, estructuras cohérentes, que abarcan amplias gamas de productos y, por tanto, pueden enfrentarse con un medio ambiente inseguro. Italia se halla en una situaciôn intermedia. Debido a sus numéros polos de competitividad, Alemania compite rotundamente con los paises miembros en los intercambios intracomunitarios de productos industriales. Asi pues, entre las ramas que a menudo se consideran las mâs « estratégicas », el deterioro de las posiciones britânica, francesa e italiana, al pasar del nivel mundial al nivel communitario, se situa siempre en mercados en los que Alemania est netamente excendentaria. Tal efecto destaca especialmente en el caso de Francia, algo atenuado respecto al Reino Unido y a Italia.

Suggested Citation

  • André Orléan, 1986. "L'insertion dans les échanges internationaux : comparaison de cinq grands pays développés," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 184(1), pages 25-39.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1986_num_184_1_2417
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1986.2417
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1986.2417
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