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La chimie française : des atouts pour sortir d'une crise grave

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  • Michel Delattre

Abstract

[fre] Les deux chocs pétroliers ont créé des difficultés croissantes pour la chimie. Ils ont provoqué de fortes hausses de prix des consommations intermédiaires, qui n'ont pu être répercutées en raison de l'intensité de la concurrence. La chimie de base a été la plus touchée. Dans ce secteur, les années 1980 à 1982 sont des années de crise aiguë. L'excédent brut d'exploitation est à peine suffisant en 1982 pour payer les frais financiers liés à des dettes très lourdes. L'année 1983 marque le début d'une amélioration. C'est que la chimie détient certains atouts. La demande qui s'adresse à ses branches aval, parachimie et pharmacie, transformation des matières plastiques, reste dynamique, ce dont bénéficient aussi indirectement ses branches amont. Elle dispose d'une main-d'œuvre très qualifiée. Très insérée dans les échanges internationaux, elle y réalise de bonnes'performances : elle procure à la France le tiers de son excédent industriel. Cependant, depuis 1979, l'emploi diminue dans la chimie autant que dans le reste de l'industrie. Son endettement est très lourd, et ses investissements sont désormais très faibles, alors qu'ils seraient nécessaires pour moderniser et réorienter ses productions devant l'apparition de nouveaux concurrents. [spa] Quimica : incentivos para superar una grave crisis - Los dos golpes petroleros plantearon dificultades crecientes respecto a qufmica. Provocaron fuertes alzas de precios de los consumos intermedios, los que nose puedieron repercutir a razón de la intensidad de la competencia. La química de base resultó la más afectada. En este sector, los años que miden entre 1980 / 1982 son anos de intensa crisis. El excedente bruto de explotación basta escasamente en 1982 para pagar los gastos financieros vinculados con deudas muy elevadas. El ano 1983 señala el principio de un mejoramiento : química presenta algunos incentivos. La demanda con relación a sus ramas de paraquímica y farmacia, transformation de materias plásticas, permanece dinámica, de lo cual también se benefician de mariera indirecta las demis ramas. Dispone de una fuerza laboral sumamente cualificada. Hondamente integrada en los intercambios internacionales, realiza hazañas : aporta a Francia la tercera parte de su excedente industrial. No obstante, desde 1979, el empleo decrece en la química tanto como en las demás industrias. Su endeudamiento es considerable y su inversion, en lo sucesivo, muy poco elevada cuando precisamente sería necesaria para modernizar y dar nuevas orientaciones a sus producciones frente a la aparición de nuevos competidores. [eng] The chemical industry : advantages for overcoming a grave crisis - The two oil crises have created increasing difficulties for the chemical industry. They have brought about significant price hikes in intermediate consumption which could not be passed on to the consumer because of intense competition. Basic chemicals have been affected the most. In this sector, the years 1980 to 1982 were years of severe crisis. The gross operating surplus was scarcely adequate in 1982 to pay financial costs on heavy debts. The year 1983 marked the beginning of an improvement. This is because the chemical industry possesses certain advantages. The demand made on its processed product branches, parachemical and pharmaceutical as well as transformation of plastics, has remained dynamic also to the benefit of its supply branches. A highly skilled work force is available. Well inserted in international trade, the chemical industry performs very well. It furnishes France with a third of its industrial surplus. However, since 1979, employment has been declining in the chemical sector as much as in the rest of industry. It is heavily in debt and its investments are now at a very low level although investment is precisely what would be necessary to modernize and reorient production in the face of the appearance of new competitors.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Delattre, 1985. "La chimie française : des atouts pour sortir d'une crise grave," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 179(1), pages 3-17.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1985_num_179_1_4993
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1985.4993
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1985.4993
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