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Les conditions de travail : contraintes d'horaires et pénibilité

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  • Jean-Louis Borkowski

Abstract

[fre] L'enquête Situations défavorisées de 1978 comportait des questions sur les conditions de travail des actifs. Les réponses obtenues font apparaître deux oppositions principales, largement indépendantes entre elles. La première a trait aux contraints d'horaires : d'un côté les actifs qui ont un horaire standardisé de 40 heures réparties sur cinq jours, de l'autre ceux dont la durée hebdomadaire de travail est plus étendue. Salariés et indépendants se trouvent ainsi distingués. La deuxième opposition concerne la plus ou moins grande pénibilité du travail, les désagréments de l'environnement, les contraintes hiérarchiques et organisationnelles. Ces aspects différencient maintenant les salariés entre eux, selon leur niveau social; dans la liste des inconvénients proposés aux enquêtes, ce sont les ouvriers qui apparaissent comme les plus défavorisés. [spa] Condiciones Iaborales y estatuto social - La encuesta « Situations défavorisées » de 1978 constaba de preguntas acerca de las condiciones Iaborales de los activos. Las respuestas obtenidas revelan dos oposiciones fondamentales, holgadamente independientes entre sí. La primera se refiere a obligación de horarios : por un lado, los activos con un horario standard de 40 horas repartidas entre cinco días; por el otro, los activos cuya semana laboral es más extendida. Es factible distinguir asi asalariados e independientes. La segunda oposición se refiere a la más o menos gran pesadez laboral, los sinsabores del medio ambiente, los apremios jerárquicos y de organización. Estos aspectos diferencian hoy día los asalariados entre sí, según nivel social; en la enumeración de inconvenientes propuestos a los encuestados, son los obreros los que salen más perjudicados. [eng] Working conditions: constraints imposed by hours and difficulty - The 1978 survey ,,Disadvantaged Situations" involved questions concerning the working conditions of active workers. The answers obtained show two main oppositions, which are largely independent of each other. The first pertains to hourly constraints: on the one hand, active workers who have standardized hours of 40 hours distributed over five days, on the other hand, those for whom the lentgh of the work week is more extensive. Salaried employees and free lance workers are distinguished in this way. The second opposition pertains to the greater or lesser difficulty of the work, the disagreable aspects of the environment, and the hierarchical and organizational constraints. These elements now differentiate salaried workers among themselves, according to their social level. Given the list of disadvantages offered to workers who were interrogated, laborers appear to be the most disadvantaged.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Louis Borkowski, 1985. "Les conditions de travail : contraintes d'horaires et pénibilité," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 174(1), pages 19-31.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1985_num_174_1_4945
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1985.4945
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1985.4945
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