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Le sociologue des pratiques du quotidien entre l'approche ethnographique et l'enquête statistique

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  • Yannick Lemel

Abstract

[fre] Comment étudier les « pratiques du quotidien » ? Deux approches coexistent, et parfois s'affrontent. La première transpose les méthodes des ethnographes : sténographie sur le terrain, anal/se du matériel recueilli à l'aide de méthodes pragmatiques, retour sur le terrain et itérations du processus. La deuxième approche est l'approche statistique. Pour la distinguer de la précédente, le meilleur critère semble être la délégabilité de la collecte : contrairement à l'ethnologue, le statisticien confie, ou en tout cas peut confier, le recueil des informations à des enquêteurs non spécialistes du sujet traité. Cette délégation permet l'interrogation d'échantillons importants, ce qui rend possible l'inférence statistique. Mais elle rend difficile le retour sur le terrain. Surtout, elle suppose l'existence d'un langage suffisamment commun entre enquêteurs, enquêtes et chercheurs qui interpréteront les résultats. Ce postulat est parfois vigoureusement contesté dans le domaine des pratiques du quotidien. [eng] The sociologist of daily practices between the ethnographic approach and the statistical survey - How can "daily practices" be studied? Two approaches coexist and, sometimes, are in direct confrontation with each other. The first transposes the methods of ethnographers: note-taking in the field, analysis of collected material with the aid of pragmatic methods, return to the field and repetitions of the process. The second approach is the statistical approach. To distinguish it from the former, the best criterion seems to be the possibility to delegate the task of collecting material. Contrary to the ethnologist, the statistician entrusts (or in any case can entrust) the gathering of information to investigators who are not specialized in the subject treated. This delegation permits the interrogation of very large samples, which makes statistical inference possible. But, at the same time, it makes a return to the field difficult. Above all, it presupposes a language which is sufficiently common to the investigators, those being surveyed and the researchers who interpret the results. This postulate is sometimes vigorously contested in the domain of daily practices. [spa] El sociólogo de las prácticas de lo diario entre el aproche etnográfico y la encuesta estadística - ¿Como estudiar las « prácticas de lo diario » ? Dos aproches coexisten y, de vez en cuando, se enfrentan. El primero transpone los métodos de los etnógrafos : taquigrafía en el terreno, análisis del material recogido mediante metodos pragmáticos, retorno al terreno y reiteraciones del proceso. El segundo aproche es estadístico. Para distinguirlo del anterior, el mejor criterio es, al parecer, el delegar la recolección : a la inversa del etnólogo, el estadístico encomienda, o en todo caso puede encomendar, la recogida de los datos a encuestadores que no están especial izados en el asunto que tratan. Dicho mandato permite llevar a efecto muestreos importantes, lo cual facilita la inferencia estadistica, mas plantea problemas para el retorno al terreno. Presupone, en especial, la existencia de un lenguaje común entre encuestadores, censados a investigadores que interpretarán los resultados. Este postulado es, a veces, rotundamente discutido en el campo de las prácticas de lo diario.

Suggested Citation

  • Yannick Lemel, 1984. "Le sociologue des pratiques du quotidien entre l'approche ethnographique et l'enquête statistique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 168(1), pages 5-11.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1984_num_168_1_4879
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1984.4879
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1984.4879
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