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La balance des paiements depuis 1973

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  • Claudine Cortet
  • Michèle Debonneuil

Abstract

[eng] The Balance of Payments since 1973 -This article presents the principal headings of the balance of payments and shows how they have evolved over recent years. The 1973-1978 period was a phase in which the economic structures of France had to be adapted to the new environment created by the crisis of 1973. Current transactions were marked by the effort to reorient both the sectors of goods and services. Services helped to reach balance in the end of this period and should continue to ensure a sizeable capital imports in the future. Nevertheless, the equilibrium of the trade balance remains fragile and is once again endangered by increases in oil prices in 1979. The need to adapt also determined the long-term capital movements. In a effort to re-balance current transactions, long payment terms were granted to foreign clients. In a similar fashion, foreign loans made it possible not only to curb the deflationary impact of the increase in oil costs, but also to provide added capital for domestic investment. With the exception of 1976, in which the franc was particularly weak, the overall situation of the balance of payments has resulted in a strengthening the monetary position of France. [spa] La balanza de pagos desde 1973 - Este articulo facilita los principales renglones de la balanza de pagos y su evolución en el transcurso de los últimos años. El periodo que mide entre 1973 y 1978 corresponde a una fase de adaptación de las estructuras económicas de Francia a los nuevos medios ambientes desde la ruptura de 1973. Las transacciones corrientes llevan la huella del empeno puesto en la reactivación referente, a la vez, a mercanrfas y a servicios. Estos últimos participaron holgadamente a un retorno al equilibrio a fines del periodo y debieran de seguir proporcionando importantes entradas de capital. No obstante, el equilibrio de la balanza comercial permanece vulnerable y esta de nuevo puesta en duda a raiz de las alzas de los precios petroleros en 1979. El imperativo de adaptación impuso también los movimientos de capitales a largo plazo : el intento de reequilibrio de las transacciones corrientes corrió parejas con largos plazos de pago otorgados a clientes extranjeros; lo mismo que el acudir a emprestitos extranjeros permitió no solo limitar el impacto deflacionista del alza de la factura petrolera si notambién el compietar los necesarios medios de financiación internos. Con excepción del año 1976, el cual se senaló por la debilidad del franco, el conjunto de las operaciones de la balanza de pagos se manifesto por una mejorfa de la posición exterior de Francia. [fre] Cet article présente les principaux postes de la balance des paiements et leur évolution au cours des années récentes. La période 1973-1978 correspond à une phase d'adaptation des structures économiques de la France au nouvel environnement depuis la rupture de 1973. Les transactions courantes sont marquées par l'effort de redéploiement qui a porté à la fois sur les marchandises et sur les services. Ces derniers ont largement participé au retour à l'équilibre en fin de période et devraient continuer à assurer des entrées importantes de capitaux. Néanmoins l'équilibre de la balance commerciale reste vulnérable et est à nouveau mis en question par les hausses de prix du pétrole en 1979. L'impératif d'adaptation a également commandé les mouvements de capitaux à long terme : l'effort de rééquilibrage des transactions courantes a été assorti de longs délais de paiement accordés aux clients étrangers; de même le recours aux emprunts extérieurs a permis non seulement de limiter l'impact déflationniste du relèvement de la facture pétrolière mais encore de compléter les moyens de financement internes nécessaires. A l'exception de l'année 1976 marquée par la fragilité du franc, l'ensemble des opérations de balance des paiements s'est traduit par une amélioration de la position monétaire extérieure de la France.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudine Cortet & Michèle Debonneuil, 1980. "La balance des paiements depuis 1973," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 119(1), pages 65-88.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1980_num_119_1_4325
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1980.4325
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1980.4325
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