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Les difficultés des chômeurs

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  • Nicole Coëffic

Abstract

[eng] The Problems of the Unemployed - The INSEE, in order to have a better understanding of the unemployed population, carried out a complementary survey to Employment survey of October, 1977. This survey was conducted among persons currently out of work and looking for gainful employment in October 1977. The survey shows how the crisis has increased the difficulty of finding a new job : employers more and more frequently hire temporary help. This policy tends to place a population consisting largely of younger people and women on the labor market. The unemployed are rarely called in by employers in answer to an offer of employment; 56 % of the unemployed who were surveyed had not received interviews in the month preceeding the survey. In addition to the problems of finding a job, many of the unemployed, especially when they are the head of a household, experience relatively serious financial hardship while unemployed. These combined difficulties tend to mean that certain categories of the unemployed are ready to make sacrifices in order to find stable employment : 30 % of the men over 50 years of age are ready to accept a drop in salary, and 43 % are ready to re-locate if they find a job that is suitable. Lastly, 42 % of salaried men are ready to accept more than two hours of commute to and from work. [spa] Los problemas con que tropiezan los trabajadores sin empleo - Con objeto de conocer mejor la población de desempleados, el INSEE llevó a efecto una encuesta en complemento a la relativa a empleo de octubre de 1977 cerca de personas desocupadas y en busca de una colocación asalariada. La encuesta pone de manifiesto como la crisis incrementa las dificultades de rehabilitación de los desempleados : los empleadores suelen acudir con frecuencia a contratas temporales, politica que tiene por consecuencia el arrojar en el mercado laboral una población esencialmente juvenil y femenina. Por anadidura, rara vez los empleadores convocan a los desocupados para una oferta de empleo : tanto es así que un 56% de desocupados no tuvo oferta alguna de colocación durante el mes anterior de la encuesta. Además de los problemas planteados por la reinserción debidos a la crisis, los desocupados, sobre todo tratándose de cabezas de familia, experimentan problemas financieros relativamente importantes. Todas estas dificultades tienen por consecuencia el que algunas categorías esten dispuestas a consentir algún que otro sacrificio con tal de volver a encontrar una colocación : asi pues, un 30 % de hombres que pasan de los 50 anos se conformarían con un sueldo menos elevado, un 43% consentiría a mudar de residencia si encontrasen una colocación conveniente; por ultimo, hombres asalariados estarían dispuestos a hacer un trayecto de más de dos horas al dia entre su domicilio y el lugar de su trabajo. [fre] Pour connaître de manière plus approfondie la population des chômeurs, l'INSEE a effectué une enquête complémentaire à celle sur l'Emploi d'octobre 1977 auprès des personnes sans emploi et à la recherche d'un emploi salarié. L'enquête montre comment la crise accroît les difficultés de reclassement des chômeurs : les employeurs ont fréquemment recours à des embauches temporaires, politique qui contribue à rejeter sur le marché du travail une population essentiellement jeune et féminine. En outre les chômeurs sont rarement convoqués par des employeurs pour une offre d'emploi : ainsi 56 % des chômeurs n'avaient reçu aucune convocation pendant le mois précédant l'enquête. Outre des problèmes de réinsertion dues à la crise, les chômeurs, surtout quand ils sont chefs de ménage, connaissent des difficultés financières relativement importantes. Toutes ces difficultés entraînent que certaines catégories d'entre eux sont prêts à des sacrifices pour retrouver un emploi : ainsi 30 % des hommes de plus de 50 ans accepteraient une baisse de salaire et 43 % sont prêts à déménager s'ils trouvent un emploi qui leur convienne; enfin, 42 % des'salariés hommes accepteraient plus de deux heures de trajet domicile-lieu de travail par jour.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicole Coëffic, 1979. "Les difficultés des chômeurs," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 112(1), pages 33-43.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1979_num_112_1_4146
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1979.4146
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1979.4146
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