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Au-delà du dollar, les investissements dans l'impasse

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  • Gérard Vila

Abstract

[spa] A mas del dólar, se atasca la inversion - Los Estados Unidos se tornaron deudores del resto del Mundo para saldar sus deficits interiores. Esta situación constituye una importante fuente de inestabilidad monetaria mundial : al darse el caso de una crisis de confianza, las imposiciones van escaseando y se inicia un proceso que remata, por una parte en una venta de dólares en los mercados de cambio y, por otra parte, en una acunación suplementaria de dólares. No obstante, esta debilidad endémica del dólar trae consecuencias que exceden rotundamente las oscilaciones de los tipos de cambio : entorpecen la inversión, compromete el arranque de las sociedades multinationales y encarrila a la déflación en los países de moneda fuerte. Allende se verifica una honda mutación de la Institution monetaria : con la instauration del dólar standard en 1971, la moneda ha adquirido su forma escrituraria pura ya que ningún automatismo puede, en lo sucesivo, interferir con el poder de acunar moneda. [eng] Beyond the dollar, investment at an impasse - The United States has become a debtor to the rest of the world in order to pay off their internal deficits. This situation is a major source of unstability for world monetary situations : in the case of a crisis of confidence, the investments of the United States become rarer, and they set off a process which ends in a sale of the dollar on exchange markets, as well as the supplementary creation of dollars. However, this endemic weakness of the dollar has consequences which go well beyond the movements of the exchange rate : it leads to an inhibition of investment, compromises the upswing of the multinationals and leads to a deflation in countries with a strong money. Beyond that, there is a profound change in the Monetary Institution itself : with the coming of the dollar standard in 1971, money acquired its pure « written » form; no automatic process can now interfere with the power to print money. [fre] Les États-Unis sont devenus débiteurs du reste du Monde pour payer leurs déficits intérieurs. Cette situation constitue une source majeure d'instabilité monétaire mondiale : en cas de crise de confiance, les placements aux États-Unis se raréfient et il s'enclenche un processus qui aboutit d'une part à une vente de dollars sur les marchés des changes et d'autre part à une création supplémentaire de dollars. Toutefois, cette faiblesse endémique du dollar a des conséquences qui dépassent largement les mouvements des taux de change : elle inhibe l'investissement, compromet l'essor des multinationales et conduit à la déflation dans les pays à monnaie forte. Au-delà, on assiste à une mutation profonde de l'institution monétaire : avec l'avènement du dollar-standard en 1971, la monnaie a acquis sa forme scripturale pure, aucun automatisme ne pouvant désormais interférer avec le pouvoir de « battre monnaie ».

Suggested Citation

  • Gérard Vila, 1978. "Au-delà du dollar, les investissements dans l'impasse," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 97(1), pages 103-114.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1978_num_97_1_3091
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1978.3091
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1978.3091
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