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L'analyse des données

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  • Michel Volle

Abstract

[spa] El análisis de los datos - Con el desarrollo de los medios informáticos se iniciè la elaboración de nuevos instrumentes de estadística descriptiva los que permiten, no solo desprender « significados » entre esos montones de datos, sino mas pronto llevar a cabo una sintésis de los resultados. El análisis de los datos facilita por tanto un apreciable aporte a la publicación que ha de seguir a las fases metodológicas y téenicas propias de todo estudio estadístico. Este artículo, concebido a modo de artículo de referencia, delinea con grandes rasgos las principales características de los métodos mas corrientes del análisis factorial y de la clasificación automática ya que ambas ramas son complementarias. El autor pormenorizó las que, a su parecer, eran las más fundamentales, o sea el análisis factorial de las correspondencias y la clasificación según varianza. Dá para cada una de ellas una aplicación que abarca la distribución de la población por grupos de edades en las 22 regiones francesas. A continuación iran resenados en forma sucinta los demás métodos. [eng] Data Analysis -With the developpment of computer methods has come the elaboration of new descriptive statistical tools. These allow not just the retrieval of « significant » data in the mass of information, but also they permit a synthesis of results. Data analysis contributes appreciably to the publication of the results that ought to follow the technical and methodological stages proper to every statistical study. This article is a reference article which attempts to sketch out rapidly the principal characteristics of the most current « factor analysis » and automatic classification methods. These two branches are complementary. The author has treated in detail the methods which he considers to be the most fundamental : factor analysis of correspondances and the classification according to variance. He presents for each of these an applied studies using the divisions of the population according to age in 22 regions of France. Finally, the other methods are described in a succinct fashion. [fre] Avec le développement des moyens informatiques vint l'élaboration de nouveaux instruments de statistique descriptive permettant non pas de dégager des « significations » parmi ces masses d'information mais plutôt une synthèse des résultats. L'analyse des données apporte donc une contribution appréciable à la publication qui doit suivre les phases méthodologiques et techniques propres à toute étude statistique. Cet article, conçu en tant qu'article de référence, brosse à traits rapides les principales caractéristiques des méthodes les plus courantes de l'analyse factorielle et de la classification automatique, ces deux branches étant complémentaires. L'auteur a détaillé celles qui lui paraissaient les plus fondamentales : l'analyse factorielle des correspondances et la classification selon la variance. Il donne pour chacune d'elles une application portant sur la répartition de la population par classe d'âges dans les 22 régions françaises. Ensuite, les autres méthodes seront décrites de façon succincte.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Volle, 1978. "L'analyse des données," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 96(1), pages 3-23.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1978_num_96_1_3094
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1978.3094
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1978.3094
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