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Bilan encore fragile de la démographie africaine

Author

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  • Robert Blanc

Abstract

[fre] A peine sortie de sa phase préstatistique, la démographie africaine risque de retomber à bref délai dans l'état lacunaire qui était encore le sien en 1955. Toute une série d'enquêtes par sondage, jouant le rôle à la fois du recensement et de l'état civil, était pourtant parvenue en 10 ans à faire un premier point sur la population du tiers monde africain francophone. . Malgré la fragilité des résultats, le bilan est positif. L'auteur, qui participa aux travaux de l'équipe de démographes et de spécialistes de sciences humaines chargés de mener ou d'analyser les enquêtes réalisées entre 1945 et 1965, se livre à une comparaison critique et à une synthèse de l'ensemble des données recueillies sur l'Afrique noire d'expression française. . L'approche d'un milieu dont la psychologie et les concepts culturels diffèrent largement de la norme européenne fut difficile. L'impossibilité fréquente de s'en tenir à une base stable de sondage en raison des conflits entre découpages administratifs et notions traditionnelles de groupes ethniques ne facilita pas en outre la tâche. . Quelques lignes de force ne s'en sont pas moins dégagées : infériorité numérique masculine, forte proportion de jeunes, mariage plus tardif des hommes que des femmes, espérances de vie oscillant généralement entre 30 et 35 ans, taux d'accroissement annuel se situant autour de 1,7 % et portant une population évaluée à 44 millions en 1964 à 49 millions en 1970. [eng] Scarcely emerged from its pre-statistical phase, African demography is in danger of soon falling back into the same state of incompleteness as in 1955. A whole series of sample surveys, operating both as a Census and as civil registration, have nevertheless succeeded over ten years in taking preliminary stock of the population of the French-speaking African Third World. . Notwithstanding the slightness of the results, the balance is favourable. The author, who took part in the work of the team of demographers and human science specialists responsible for conducting or analysing the surveys made between 1945 and 1965, makes a critical comparison and establishes an overall synthesis of the data compiled on French-speaking Africa South of the Sahara. . The approach to an environment whose psychology and cultural concepts differ widely from the European norm was a difficult one. The frequent impossibility of finding a sound basis for a sample survey owing to the conflict between administrative subdivisions and the traditional concepts of ethnic groups did not make the task any easier. . Certain broad lines nevertheless became clear; fewer males than females; a high proportion of young people, men marrying later than women, an expectation of life generally ranging between 30 and 35, an annual growth rate of about 1,7% carrying a population estimated at 44 millions in 1964 to 49 millions in 1970.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Blanc, 1969. "Bilan encore fragile de la démographie africaine," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 3(1), pages 13-22.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1969_num_3_1_1867
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1969.1867
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1969.1867
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