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Temps et rationalité

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  • Jean-Pierre Dupuy

Abstract

[eng] Several cases of alleged irrational behavior are examined : imitation of others in a situation of uncertainty ; non-rational revision of belief in a case of cognitive dissonance ; sunk cost fallacy ; weakness of the will. A general characterization of this class of behavior is provided : the agent endowing herself with a power over the past and observing herself as from the outside. These two features are shown to characterize the evi- dentialist choice in Common Cause Newcomb Problems, from Fisher's smoking case to Max Weber's paradox. The rationality of evidentialism is nevertheless advocated. It is furthermore shown that the Backwards Induction Paradox is a Newcomb problem. The rationality and possibility of reciprocal exchange in a case of non-credible promise follows. [fre] On considère une classe de comportements généralement jugés irrationnels l'imitation des autres en cas d'incertitude ; l'absence de révision rationnelle : des croyances dans un cas de dissonance cognitive ; le sophisme de l'amortissement ; la faiblesse de la volonté. On caractérise cette classe par deux traits : l'agent se dote d'un pouvoir sur le passé et s'observe lui-même comme de l'extérieur. On montre que ces mêmes traits caractérisent la solution "évidentialiste" aux problèmes de Newcomb avec cause commune, de l'exemple du tabac de Fisher au paradoxe de Max Weber. On défend néanmoins la rationalité de T'évi- dentialisme". On montre de plus que le paradoxe de la "backwards induction" est un problème de Newcomb. On peut alors fonder la rationalité et la possibilité de l'échange réciproque dans le cas de promesse non crédible.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Dupuy, 1994. "Temps et rationalité," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 24(1), pages 69-104.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1994_num_24_1_1166
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1994.1166
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1994.1166
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