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Étalon et moyen de paiement : la disparition de l'unité de compte dans les premiers écrits de David Ricardo (1809-1811)

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  • Bernard Courbis

Abstract

[eng] The analysis of Ricardo's first monetary writings, during the bullion controversy, leads to some conceptual critiques about the money of account. Analytically, between the notes (means of payment) and the standard metal, there is no space in these papers for the unit of account. Merged both with means of payment (coins and notes) carrying it and with the (gold) standard supposed to define it, it disappears from the conceptual field. This paper tries to find the unit of account in analysing writings that would forget its scientific interest. It shows that the ricardian approach comes up against the problem of the monetary reality of a society where we count, we express prices and contracts in a name (the pound) that transcends payment forms and is different from the standard till going without it. A normative approach of the money of account as a simple name of the metallic standard is replaced by a more positive approach of the money of account that is itself the standard of deffered payments, embodied in debts built on a trust making social consensus. [fre] L'analyse des premiers écrits monétaires de D.Ricardo, lors de la controverse bullioniste, conduit à une critique d'ordre conceptuel à propos de la monnaie de compte. En effet, dans ces textes, entre le billet-moyen de paiement et le métal-étalon, il n'y a pas de place pour l'unité de compte. Elle est éliminée du champ conceptuel, confondue à la fois avec la monnaie de paiement (pièce et billet) qui la porte et avec l'étalon (or) qui est censé la fonder. L'article essaie de retrouver l'unité de compte à la lecture de textes qui voudraient en ignorer l'intérêt scientifique. Il montre que la conception ricardienne se heurte à la réalité monétaire d'une société où l'on compte, où l'on exprime les prix et les contrats en un nom (la livre) qui transcende les formes de paiement et qui se distingue de l'étalon jusqu'à s'en passer. A une vision normative d'une monnaie de compte, simple nom d'un étalon métallique, on oppose une vision plus positive d'une monnaie de compte, elle-même étalon des paiements différés, incarnée dans la pratique des contrats, fondée sur un consensus social créateur de confiance.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Courbis, 1994. "Étalon et moyen de paiement : la disparition de l'unité de compte dans les premiers écrits de David Ricardo (1809-1811)," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 23(1), pages 43-66.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1994_num_23_1_1155
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1994.1155
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1994.1155
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