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Équilibre intertemporel et longue période

Author

Listed:
  • Bertram Schefold
  • Christian Bidard

Abstract

[fre] On a souvent dit que la critique de Sraffa à rencontre de la théorie néo-classique n'affecte pas les modèles d'équilibre intertemporel. On sait maintenant que les équilibres intertemporels convergent vers des positions de longue période, caractérisées par l'uniformité du taux de profit au sens classique, sous réserve que certaines conditions soient remplies. Celles-ci s'avèrent liées aux paradoxes bien connus de la théorie du capital qui minent la théorie de la productivité marginale. Afin d'analyser ce problème, nous mesurons la profitabilité des procès intertemporels en utilisant les prix d'équilibre en vigueur au début de chaque période ; ainsi défini, le taux de profit apparaît égal au taux d'intérêt propre du numéraire diminué du taux de variation des prix des biens produits par le procès. Les taux de profit en ce sens diffèrent selon les procès tant que la production n'est pas encore adaptée aux conditions de la demande de long terme. Les équilibres intertemporels s'interprètent sur cette base comme des processus de gravitation vers des positions de longue période et nous défendons l'idée qu'en conséquence les arguments avancés contre la détermination néoclassique de la répartition et de l'emploi en longue période valent aussi dans l'analyse des équilibres intertemporels. [eng] It has often been argued that Sraffa's criticism of neoclassical theory did not affect the models of intertemporal equilibrium. But it is now known that intertemporal equilibria converge to long period positions, characterized by a uniform rate of profit in the classical sense, provided certain conditions are met. These appear to be related to the well-known effects of capital theory which undermine the marginal productivity theory. To analyse this problem, the profitability of processes in an intertemporal equilibrium is measured using the prices ruling at the beginning of each period ; it turns out that the rate of profit so defined is equal to the own-rate of interest of the numéraire commodity minus the rate of change of prices of the goods produced as outputs of the process. The rates of profit in this sense are unequal for different processes as long as production has not yet adapted to the long-run conditions of demand. On this basis, intertemporal equilibria are interpreted as processes of gravitation towards long-period positions and it is argued that, therefore, the arguments which apply against a neoclassical determination of distribution and employment in the long-period positions are also relevant for the analysis of intertemporal equilibria.

Suggested Citation

  • Bertram Schefold & Christian Bidard, 1993. "Équilibre intertemporel et longue période," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(1), pages 25-44.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1993_num_22_1_1142
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1993.1142
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1993.1142
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