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A propos de Montesquieu et de Turgot : peut-on encore parler de la monnaie comme d'un signe ?

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  • Maurice Lagueux

Abstract

[eng] The interpretation of the sign theory of money which Michel Foucault based on a theory of representation is contested in favor of an interpretation which instead emphasizes both the notion of universal exchange and the notion of convention. This sign theory of money is illustrated by Montesquieu's thesis about money, a thesis which can be usefully contrasted with Turgot's commodity theory of money. It will be suggested that the attraction exerted by these two theories in the XVIIIth century anticipated, to some extent at least, the respective preferences for impersonal mechanisms and for discretionary power which, since that time, have become central in the debates about monetary policy. However, these theories are now almost forgotten, having been replaced by theories which put more emphasis on the social aspects of the theory of money. [fre] L'interprétation par Michel Foucault de la théorie de la monnaie-signe à partir de la notion de représentation est contestée au profit d'une interprétation qui met l'accent à la fois sur les notions d'échange universel et de convention. Cette théorie de la monnaie-signe est illustrée par les positions de Montesquieu auxquelles sont opposées les vues de Turgot sur la monnaie-marchandise. Il est suggéré que l'attrait que ces deux théories exerçaient au xvnie siècle annonçait à sa façon la faveur que, par la suite, on devait accorder, soit aux mécanismes impersonnels, soit au pouvoir discrétionnaire en matière de politique monétaire. A notre époque, ces théories devaient toutefois être reléguées dans l'ombre par des conceptions mettant davantage l'accent sur la dimension sociale de la monnaie.

Suggested Citation

  • Maurice Lagueux, 1990. "A propos de Montesquieu et de Turgot : peut-on encore parler de la monnaie comme d'un signe ?," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(1), pages 81-96.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1990_num_18_1_1095
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1990.1095
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1990.1095
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