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Limites et dangers du libéralisme

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  • Hervé Defalvard

Abstract

[eng] This paper has two aims : the first is to draw the limits of liberal doctrine, and the second is to point out its dangers when applied beyond those limits. . The limits of liberalism will be seized through its" historical development. We shall have to distinguish between political liberalism (Hobbes and Locke) whose limit is to contain its opposite, namely totalitarism, and economic liberalism (Smith), whose limits are those of the smithian market, namely the artisanial organization of production. . In a second part, it will be shown that a capitalist economy, far from being based upon the egalitarist individual logic of the smithian market, is based upon a hierarchical holist logic ; we shall then identify the solutions imagined, in spite of that gap, to apply economic liberalism to capitalist economies. The dangers of liberalism with respect to individual liberties will thus appear as consequence of this gap, which led in the past to the making of the welfare state and could lead in the future to some national-liberalism. [fre] Le but de l'article est d'une part d'évaluer les limites du libéralisme afin, d'autre part, d'en repérer les dangers lorsque cette doctrine est appliquée en dehors de ses limites de validité. Afin d'établir les limites du libéralisme, nous avons choisi la voie de son histoire laquelle nous a amené à distinguer entre la limite du libéralisme politique (Hobbes et Locke) qui est de contenir sa figure contraire, à savoir le totalitarisme, et la limite du libéralisme économique (Smith) qui n'est autre que celle de son domaine de définition, à savoir celle du marché smithien ou de son économie artisanale. . Ensuite, dans une deuxième partie, après avoir montré que l'économie capitaliste se fonde sur une logique holiste et hiérarchique, à l'opposé de la logique individualiste et égalitariste du marché smithien, nous avons repéré les solutions de continuité qui ont imaginées pour appliquer, en dépit de leur radicale différence, le libéralisme économique aux économies capitalistes. Les dangers du libéralisme pour les libertés individuelles nous sont alors apparus comme les conséquences de ces solutions de continuité qui, hier, avaient le visage de l' État-providence, et qui demain risquent de recouvrir celui du national-libéralisme.

Suggested Citation

  • Hervé Defalvard, 1989. "Limites et dangers du libéralisme," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(1), pages 205-230.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1989_num_16_1_1084
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1989.1084
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1989.1084
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    Cited by:

    1. Hervé Defalvard, 1992. "Critique de l'individualisme méthodologique revu par l'économie des conventions," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(1), pages 127-143.

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