Mitigating OWASP API security top 5 risks through API gateway patterns

Objectives: This study aims to analyze how API gateway patterns can mitigate the top five risks identified in the OWASP API Security Top 10. Given the critical role of APIs in modern applications, addressing these vulnerabilities is essential for maintaining robust security postures. Prior Work: Building upon existing literature and industry reports, this paper examines the evolution of API security threats, particularly the updates in the 2023 OWASP list, and the corresponding mitigation strategies employed through API gateways. Approach: The research involves a comprehensive review of academic sources, industry publications, and real-world case studies to evaluate the effectiveness of API gateway patterns –such as rate limiting, authentication and authorization, schema validation, and logging –in mitigating identified security risks. Results: The analysis reveals that implementing these gateway patterns significantly enhances API security. For example, rate limiting effectively prevents DoS attacks by controlling request rates, while robust authentication and authorization mechanisms ensure that only legitimate users access sensitive endpoints. Implications: The findings provide actionable insights for security architects and developers, emphasizing the importance of integrating API gateway patterns with other security measures, such as secure coding practices and runtime protection, to create a layered defense strategy. Value: This paper bridges the gap between theoretical security frameworks and practical implementation, offering a roadmap for leveraging API gateway technologies as a frontline defense in API security.