Study on radiation damage of tungsten-based targets induced by deuterium ions

The effects of homogeneously doped phases on the primary radiation damage of W-based targets were investigated by the Monte Carlo method in this paper. The results show that introducing homogeneously doped phases into W effectively reduces the energy localization of deuterium ions within the targets. Meanwhile, Under 100 keV deuterium ion irradiation, the ballistic distribution, the number of displacement collisions, and the vacancies of deuterium ions in homogeneously doped W targets are all lower than those in pure W. And longitudinal analysis along the depth of all homogeneously doped specimens confirms that homogeneously TiC-doped W offers the strongest suppression of primary radiation damage in the near-surface region. Under 200 keV deuterium ion irradiation, the governing effects of various dopant species and dopant contents on primary radiation damage are summarized as follows: increasing dopant content leads to an approximately linear reduction in vacancies, with Ti dopant showing the strongest vacancy inhibition effect, while the ion range rises linearly and W–TiC possesses the most significant range variation. Large sampling fluctuations of sputtering yield make it an unreliable indicator for evaluating doping performance. Overall, dopants effectively mitigate primary irradiation damage in tungsten. These volume-averaged primary irradiation damage results derived from SRIM simulation are expected to offer reference insights into improving the irradiation tolerance of W by optimizing their compositional design, while microstructural interface effects need further multi-scale modeling for quantitative analysis.