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Exploring systemic erythropoietin in diabetic retinopathy: Longitudinal associations and biomarker potential in the LANDMark cohort

Author

Listed:
  • Ingrid A Wise
  • Siska Dupont Berry
  • Alisa McKenzie
  • Jason C Steel
  • Katie Edwards
  • Nathan Efron
  • Christopher J Layton
  • Charmaine A Ramlogan-Steel

Abstract

Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, multifactorial disease with systemic effects, demanding ongoing clinical vigilance and risk-reduction strategies. Among its most prevalent microvascular complications is diabetic retinopathy (DR), affecting 30–40% of individuals with DM and associated with sustained hyperglycaemia. This study investigates the role of erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein primarily known for its role in erythropoiesis, in retinal pathology. Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted on 117 participants from the Australian cohort of the LANDMark study, examining the relationship between systemic EPO levels and DR severity, as measured by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Severity Scale. Results: Significant positive correlations were observed between serum EPO and DR severity at both baseline and the four-year follow-up (baseline: ρ = 0.212, p = 0.025; four-year ρ = 0.205, p = 0.030). Ordinal regression indicated that both baseline and four-year EPO levels were associated with higher DR severity at the four-year follow-up (baseline: log-odds coefficient = 2.258, OR ≈ 9.57, p

Suggested Citation

  • Ingrid A Wise & Siska Dupont Berry & Alisa McKenzie & Jason C Steel & Katie Edwards & Nathan Efron & Christopher J Layton & Charmaine A Ramlogan-Steel, 2026. "Exploring systemic erythropoietin in diabetic retinopathy: Longitudinal associations and biomarker potential in the LANDMark cohort," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 21(9), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0358455
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0358455
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