Effects of different oral intake management during labor on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Introduction: Fasting or restricting oral intake during labor may adversely affect maternal and neonatal outcomes. Although several interventions regarding oral intake during labor have been proposed, the optimal strategy for clinical practice remains controversial. This study aims to conduct a network meta-analysis to identify the most effective intervention for managing maternal oral intake during labor. Methods and analysis: A comprehensive search will be conducted in the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database, from database inception until January 2026. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating oral intake interventions during labor will be included. The primary outcomes include vaginal delivery rate, operative vaginal delivery, caesarean section, 10‐minute Apgar score, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Secondary outcomes include maternal and neonatal outcomes. Maternal outcomes include duration of labor, ketoacidosis, maternal hypoglycemia, postpartum hemorrhage, vomiting rate, Mendelson’s syndrome, maternal thirst and hunger sensations, and maternal satisfaction. Neonatal outcomes include fetal distress, neonatal jaundice, umbilical cord blood pH