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Breast cancer clustering integrating complete gene expression profiles and genetic ancestry

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  • Johanna Stepanian
  • Alejandro Mejia-Garcia
  • Carlos Orozco
  • Jorge Duitama

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally. Precise subtyping of BC is critical for optimizing treatment strategies. This study explored the capacity of bulk RNA-seq data to improve breast cancer characterization by analysis of complete expression profiles. We analyzed RNA-seq data for 274 tumor samples and six healthy tissue samples from diverse geographical origins. Using over 9,800 SNPs directly genotyped from RNA-seq data, we successfully predicted broad genetic ancestry, identifying European, African, Asian, South Asian, and Admixed American origins. Molecular subtyping through PAM50 showed some level of ambiguity, depending on the amount of samples provided as input. In silico drug sensitivity analysis identified potential therapeutic strategies, including Etoposide and Mistaurin, with cluster-specific efficacy. Our findings emphasize the integration of ancestry-informed data and complete transcriptomic profiles to redefine BC subtyping. These insights offer a foundation for more equitable, ancestry-informed therapeutic strategies and highlight the importance of diversity in cancer research.

Suggested Citation

  • Johanna Stepanian & Alejandro Mejia-Garcia & Carlos Orozco & Jorge Duitama, 2026. "Breast cancer clustering integrating complete gene expression profiles and genetic ancestry," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 21(7), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0352514
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0352514
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