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Readability, quality, and reliability of AI-generated ınformation on myofascial pain syndrome: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity

Author

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  • Yüksel Erkin
  • Erkan Ozduran
  • İlhan Celil Özbek
  • Volkan Hancı

Abstract

Patients seeking information about Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS), which affects a large segment of the population, are increasingly turning to AI-based chatbots as an alternative to traditional methods. However, the medical accuracy of the content offered by these digital platforms, as well as its suitability to the “grade 6 reading level” standard, which determines its comprehensibility by patients, is a critical point of uncertainty. This study aims to fill this significant gap in the literature by systematically comparing MPS content generated by different AI models using readability indices, reliability, and quality metrics. The 18 most relevant keywords, derived from 25 keywords identified via Google Trends data, were queried using ChatGPT (GPT-5.2), Gemini 3 Flash, and Perplexity (Sonar-4 Large) models. The readability of the generated responses was analyzed using six different indices (FRES, FKGL, GFOG, CLI, ARI, SMOG), while content quality was assessed using GQS and EQIP scales, and reliability using DISCERN and JAMA scales by two independent observers. The responses generated by all AI models examined were found to be statistically significantly more complex than the suggested 6th-grade reading level (p

Suggested Citation

  • Yüksel Erkin & Erkan Ozduran & İlhan Celil Özbek & Volkan Hancı, 2026. "Readability, quality, and reliability of AI-generated ınformation on myofascial pain syndrome: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 21(6), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0350402
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0350402
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