Modeling of solid oxide fuel cells and optimal parameter extraction at various operating data using an optimization method

One promising technology for a clean and effective energy conversion option is the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) being developed for a broad, widespread role in mobile equipment power supply, and stationary power generation. In this endeavor, an optimal design model based on extracted unknown parameters of the SOFC stack, a dimensional nonlinear optimization problem, is developed using the Puma optimization algorithm (POA). The idea of predator-prey relationships in the natural world forms the basis of POA. By implementing innovative and powerful techniques at every stage of exploration and exploitation, this algorithm has enhanced its performance against a broad variety of optimization tasks. Additionally, a new class of intelligent mechanisms, which is a type of phase change hyper-heuristic, is proposed. There are four operating circumstances in which the stack model is tested: four temperatures in the range 923–1073 K and 3 bar, with two conditions for validation and the others for testing the model. The proposed POA is compared with several well-known algorithms. The findings of the simulation are contrasted with those from published works using the Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA), Moth Flame Algorithm (MFA), Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), demonstrating the superior performance of POA in comparison to these competitive algorithms. Under different operating conditions, the computed polarization curves, V-I and P-I, closely resemble the measured datasets. Statistical indices and the ANOVA test confirm that there are differences in the mean values among the optimizer groups, demonstrating the viability and robustness of the proposed optimizer in comparison to other recent complex optimizers. Finally, the proposed POA yields significantly improved parameters with good convergence rates across various SOFC operating conditions.