Effects of LED light spectra and intensity on winter citrus nursery production

This study investigated the effects of supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) light spectra and intensity on the winter growth of grafted citrus nursery plants. The primary objective was to determine how different combinations of red, blue, white, and far-red LED light, applied at varying intensities, influence vegetative budbreak and scion shoot growth in young citrus trees during short winter days. The experiment used two citrus rootstocks, Carrizo (a hybrid of sweet orange and trifoliate orange) and Rich 16−6 (trifoliate orange), each budded with Washington Navel orange. Plants were grown in a temperature-controlled greenhouse and received natural sunlight, with supplemental LED lighting used to extend the photoperiod to 16 hours. The study employed a 4-factor response surface design, testing multiple combinations of light spectra and intensity. Eight plant growth and physiological responses were measured, including percentage budbreak, scion shoot length and diameter, rootstock diameter, internode length, leaf area, scion dry weight, and leaf chlorophyll index. Results showed that both the quality and intensity of supplemental LED light significantly affected all measured responses. Blue and white light, particularly at higher intensities, increased vegetative budbreak in both rootstocks, while red and far-red light reduced budbreak. The greatest scion shoot growth was observed when red, blue, and white light were combined at maximum intensity. Far-red light alone did not enhance growth, but when combined with red or white light, it further increased shoot elongation and leaf area. Chlorophyll content was highest under blue and white light and lowest under far-red light. These findings demonstrate that optimizing supplemental LED light spectra and intensity can improve winter nursery production of grafted citrus by enhancing budbreak and shoot growth. The results provide a basis for refining light management strategies in commercial citrus nurseries to increase propagation efficiency during periods of limited natural light.