Healthcare access and barriers in Jordan: Insights from a Nationwide Survey

Background: Healthcare access disparities are a significant public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Jordan. Despite advancements in healthcare infrastructure, barriers such as financial constraints, cultural norms, and logistical challenges persist, exacerbated by the influx of refugees. This study evaluates the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors on healthcare access and utilization in Jordan, aiming to identify specific barriers and disparities. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted in April 2024 using Facebook for recruitment, with 908 eligible participants aged 18–65 completing the survey. Data on healthcare access, barriers, and demographic variables were collected using a validated questionnaire. Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests to assess differences in healthcare access across subgroups. Results: Marital status significantly influenced healthcare access, with never-married individuals reporting better access to immediate and specialist care compared to married participants. Employment status revealed disparities, as students had better access to immediate and specialist care, while retired individuals had better access to routine check-ups. Self-reported health status was strongly associated with healthcare access, as individuals reporting excellent health experienced fewer delays and demonstrated higher trust in providers. Barriers to healthcare access included financial constraints, time limitations, and fear of diagnosis, while surgical access challenges centered on cost and waiting times. Conclusions: Significant disparities in healthcare access exist in Jordan, driven by demographic and socioeconomic factors. Addressing these challenges requires policy reforms, digital health integration, and enhanced public-private partnerships to improve equity and reduce barriers.