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Differential seedling responses of chickpea varieties to hexavalent chromium (VI) stress under controlled conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Hammad
  • Afifa Kainat Rani
  • Laraib Chouhdary
  • Muhammad Kabir
  • Patricio R De los Rios-Escalante
  • Muhammad Aslam

Abstract

Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) contamination infiltration in soil due to industrial activities has become a sever threat to Pakistan’s agricultural productivity. Recent surveys report soil chromium concentrations in agricultural–industrial interfaces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa reaching 100 mg/kg, exceeding the WHO permissible limit (1.5 mg/kg) by more than 50-fold. Chickpea, a widely cultivated crop in Pakistan also faces productivity threats from Cr (VI). This study evaluates the differential seedling responses of two Pakistani chickpea varieties (CM-72 and CM-98) to hexavalent chromium stress (0µM to 100µM) under controlled conditions to address a critical research gap. A fully randomized experimental design (CRD) with five replicates per treatment was utilized, assessing germination metrics, root and shoot lengths, root collar diameter, and biomass over a period of 14 days. Statistical evaluations (ANOVA, Pearson correlation, PCA) indicated substantial varietal differences. Both varieties showed significant (p

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Hammad & Afifa Kainat Rani & Laraib Chouhdary & Muhammad Kabir & Patricio R De los Rios-Escalante & Muhammad Aslam, 2026. "Differential seedling responses of chickpea varieties to hexavalent chromium (VI) stress under controlled conditions," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 21(1), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0341546
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0341546
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