Assessment of adherence to the World Health Organization’s prescribing indicators at the family medicine clinic of a quaternary facility

To promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use patterns. This study assessed the drug prescription patterns of the family medicine clinic at the Outpatient Pharmacy of the University of Ghana Medical Centre using the World Health Organization’s drug use indicators. An analytic, cross-sectional survey with data extracted from patient’s electronic medical records was carried out. Questionnaires were given to all prescribers in the family medicine clinic to evaluate factors related to rational medicine use. Frequencies and percentages were employed for description with further analysis, including Zero-inflated Poisson regression and logistic regression, used to determine associations between variables with a 95% confidence interval. Of the 600 participants whose prescriptions were analyzed, 367 (61.17%) were male and 233 (38.83%) were female. The prescribers interviewed were 3 males and 7 females. The mean number of medications per prescription was 1.4 (SD = 1.61), with antibiotics and injections making up 12.74% (n = 107) and 4.17% (n = 35) respectively. Generic prescriptions were 34.88% (n = 293) and those from the Essential Medicines List (EML) were 72.38% (n = 608). Prescriptions with a record of diagnosis were 50.83% (n = 305). Patients with comorbidities were shown to have a 52.2% lower prevalence rate of the total number of medications prescribed compared to those without comorbidities (p-value