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Transmission matrix of a multimode fiber: In-line vs off-axis holography

Author

Listed:
  • Aleksandra Ivanina
  • Benjamin Lochocki
  • Andreas Koglbauer
  • Sergei Sokolov
  • Sebastianus A Goorden
  • Lyubov V Amitonova

Abstract

Multimode fibers (MMFs) hold great promise for a variety of imaging applications. However, controlling the complex propagation of light through thousands of modes in MMFs remains a challenging task. To enable precise wavefront control, the MMF transmission matrix (TM) must be accurately measured. In this paper, we compare in-line and off-axis holography as phase retrieval techniques for TM measurement within a single optical setup. The quality of wavefront shaping is analyzed for different target shapes, including single-mode and complex free-form projections. Our findings reveal a trade-off in wavefront shaping: while in-line holography achieves superior focus quality for single-mode targets, off-axis holography excels in projecting complex-shaped targets. These experimental findings provide a basis for choosing and optimizing holographic techniques in MMF-based imaging setups.

Suggested Citation

  • Aleksandra Ivanina & Benjamin Lochocki & Andreas Koglbauer & Sergei Sokolov & Sebastianus A Goorden & Lyubov V Amitonova, 2026. "Transmission matrix of a multimode fiber: In-line vs off-axis holography," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 21(2), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0340823
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0340823
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