Unbiased inference for echocardiogram urgency prediction using double machine learning

The increased utilization of echocardiography in clinical practice has witnessed a substantial rise, underscoring its pivotal role as a diagnostic tool for various cardiovascular conditions. However, due to the relative scarcity of echocardiography tests, challenges persist in efficiently prioritizing patients for echocardiographic assessments. In this study, we develop a model to assess the urgency of appointments by considering both clinical and administrative variables extracted from Electronic Health Record data. We use double machine learning techniques to analyze these variables and improve our predictions of patient urgency. Traditional methods for estimating variable effects have limitations, particularly in our research context, where clinical and administrative variables may influence one another while also directly impacting the outcome (i.e., the urgency of appointments). In this work, we address this issue by developing an urgency stratification model using double machine learning, which disentangles the complex relationships between variables. Our evaluations demonstrate that the proposed model not only outperforms traditional machine learning methods in predicting appointment urgency but also provides robust estimations of variable effects. Specifically, our results underscore the critical roles of administrative variables and cancer-related comorbidity variables in patient prioritization and appointment urgency prediction. By leveraging double machine learning techniques, our method can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of echocardiography utilization in clinical practice. It provides clinicians with actionable insights for patient prioritization, facilitating the timely identification of urgent cases and the optimal allocation of resources. Our work contributes to the advancement of healthcare practices by leveraging sophisticated analytics to improve patient care delivery and streamline clinical workflows in echocardiography laboratories. A similar research design can also be extended to other advanced yet limited laboratory tests to help prioritize medical resources.