Development of an implementation strategy for a workplace smoking cessation program with financial incentives using Implementation Mapping

Introduction: Workplace group training programs for smoking cessation that incorporate financial incentives are cost-effective but face implementation challenges. This study aimed to systematically develop an evidence-informed implementation strategy for such programs in Dutch companies. Methods: From January 2019 to September 2021, we used Implementation Mapping, guided by the RE-AIM Framework, to design the strategy. A planning team comprising researchers, employers, employees, and smoking cessation counselors followed five structured steps: conducting a needs assessment; identifying adopters and implementers; setting implementation and maintenance outcomes; developing matrices of change objectives; producing protocols and materials; and creating an evaluation plan. Results: The needs assessment highlighted essential actions to enhance program implementation. Company directors and HR managers were identified as key adopters and implementers. Performance objectives included deciding to offer group training, applying financial incentives, proactively recruiting smoking employees, and organizing the intervention at least twice. Determinants influencing these objectives were attitude, outcome expectations, skills, self-efficacy, knowledge, normative beliefs, and perceived barriers. Evidence-based strategies were selected to address these determinants, and several supportive materials were developed: an implementation guide, informational website with downloadable resources, an animated promotional video, three testimonial videos, and a live webinar with recording to train employers in recruitment. The strategy was evaluated and refined based on stakeholder feedback. Conclusions: This study demonstrates how a systematic, theory-based approach can support the development of tailored implementation strategies for workplace smoking cessation programs with financial incentives. Engaging key stakeholders and addressing context-specific barriers and facilitators may strengthens the potential for real-world adoption and long-term sustainability. This approach can inform future implementation efforts for evidence-based tobacco control interventions in occupational settings.