Fusion of crayfish optimization algorithm and MNS-YOLO for solar cell defect detection

Inspection and diagnosis of construction projects involves health monitoring of buildings and related facilities, and the utilization of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, is critical to the smooth operation of modern construction projects. The detection of solar cell defects is related to the reliability and efficiency of building photovoltaics and has become an area of interest. Existing deep learning-based solar cell defect detection models significantly improve the accuracy of solar cell defect detection, however, deep learning-based solar cell defect detection models ignore the effect of network hyperparameters on their model performance. In this study, the hybrid model CMNS-YOLO, which combines the crawfish optimization algorithm with the MNS-YOLO model, is proposed to achieve the ultimate detection accuracy. First, Mamba-Like Linear Attention is introduced to design the C2f-MLLA module to improve the target feature representation capability of solar cell sheet defects; second, Bidirectional feature pyramid frequency aware feature fusion network is designed to enhance the recovery ability of target detail features as well as the fusion ability of image features; then ShapeIoU is used to solve the target aspect ratio misalignment problem and construct the improved MNS-YOLO network; finally, COA is utilized to adjust the parameters of the MNS-YOLO network. Experimental results on the PV-Multi-Defect and PVELAD datasets show that compared with the baseline model, the detection accuracy of the proposed model on the two datasets is improved by 6.3% and 2.3% while maintaining the lightweight characteristics of the model. Therefore, the proposed method has considerable potential in the field of solar cell defect detection.