An implementation science study of a campus-based drug checking service at a Canadian university

Objectives: Research shows that in countries around the world, unregulated drug use and disorders are more prevalent amongst youth and young adults compared to general adult populations. Further, youth and young adults, including those in post-secondary settings, are increasingly experiencing harms from the global unregulated drug supply. Yet, population-specific harm reduction strategies are limited. This implementation science study explored the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of a post-secondary campus-based drug checking service that was facilitated through intersectoral partnerships and run by students. Methods: This study used critical social theory and integrated knowledge translation. Data were collected from June to December 2023 through interviews and surveys that utilized the RE-AIM implementation science framework. One-time, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with students (n = 4) who used drugs and/or the campus drug checking service and with program decision makers (n = 7) while student drug checking technicians (n = 6) completed online surveys. Data were analyzed using constant comparison. Results: Service reach was enhanced by a motivation to avoid consuming harmful substances but inhibited by stigma and fears of criminalization, particularly amidst uncertain academic repercussions. Participants reported that the presence and use of student-run drug checking services effectively reduced stigma on campus and the risk of harm for service users and their social networks. Adoption and implementation were facilitated by intersectoral partnerships and associated network expansion and resource sharing opportunities but challenged by inadequate infrastructure. The service was maintained through partnership agreements and individual commitments to engaging with drug checking services. Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights regarding drug checking in post-secondary settings. These contributions are discussed in the context of young adult health and post-secondary environments, demonstrating how post-secondary institutions might help to overcome challenges in the implementation and delivery of campus drug checking services. The sustainability of such services requires supportive policies, enhanced accessibility, and related evaluations.