Identifying subgroups with differential levels of service response to a digital screening and service navigation program for unmet social care needs

Background: Digital screening and navigation interventions are increasingly integrated into health systems to identify and support families’ unmet social care needs, yet their effectiveness in improving outcomes remains unclear among priority population communities. We hypothesise that responses to such digital interventions might vary based on sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics. Methods: Data were analysed from 288 participants in a randomised controlled trial evaluating Watch Me Grow-Electronic – a digital screening and service navigation model to identify psychosocial needs, parental wellbeing, and child developmental needs in South Western Sydney (urban site) and Murrumbidgee (regional/rural site), New South Wales, Australia. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of families based on parental and child clinical and sociodemographic factors. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression was conducted to assess changes in unmet needs, stratified by class and intervention group. Results: Three distinct classes were identified. Class 1 (n = 134) included people who were entirely non-culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) background, in good mental health, with higher education and socioeconomic status (SES), and from the regional/rural site. Class 2 (n = 94) included people who were predominantly non-CALD, of low education and SES, had poor mental health, and from the regional/rural site. Class 3 (n = 56) included people of CALD, high SES and education, and good mental health, who were from the urban site. Compared to the Class 3, participants in Class 2 showed significantly higher needs, indicating that the intervention was not effective in this vulnerable group. Discussion: Digital navigation tools might support families that experience lower psychosocial adversity but are insufficient for families that experience higher levels of adversity, highlighting the need for tiered approaches to ensure equity.