IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0329304.html

Federated TriNet-AQ: Explainable english proficiency classification in augmented and virtual reality learning

Author

Listed:
  • Chunxiao Zhang
  • Zhiyan Liu

Abstract

AR/VR and other immersive technologies are creating dynamic, learner-centred, and engaging language-learning environments. In these ever-changing situations, judging someone’s language abilities is difficult. Managing multimodal learner inputs, understanding model predictions, and protecting user data across distributed systems are some of the most prominent challenges. This paper proposes TriNet-AQ, a federated, interpretable deep learning architecture for classifying English competency in AR/VR platforms. This technique addresses the difficulties raised. This work employs Quantum Sinusoidal Encoding (QSE), Triaxial Attention Fusion (TAF) for multimodal feature alignment, and Quantum Modulated Integration (QMI) to enhance context-aware learning by optimizing temporal representation. Hybrid Slime Gorilla Optimisation (HSGO) aids optimization. It accelerates convergence and improves performance and economy. TriNet-AQ provides decentralized training to many clients via federated learning, enhancing privacy and flexibility. TriNet-AQ outperforms classical, fuzzy, and hybrid baselines in real-world augmented and virtual reality instructional datasets. Its accuracy is 98.5%, AUC is 0.95, and EPES is 0.89. Even when it loses 3.5% accuracy on new data, it can generalize effectively. Another SHAP-based interpretability finding is the presence of obvious feature attributions and consistent relevance across users. Statistical analysis, including Cohen’s d = 0.89 (p

Suggested Citation

  • Chunxiao Zhang & Zhiyan Liu, 2026. "Federated TriNet-AQ: Explainable english proficiency classification in augmented and virtual reality learning," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 21(1), pages 1-28, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0329304
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0329304
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0329304
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0329304&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0329304?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0329304. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.