Latent class analysis of aggression in martial arts and combat sports: A cross-sectional study

Previous research on aggression in martial arts and combat sports (MA&CS) has shown mixed results. Some studies showed that MA&CS training lowers aggression levels, while other studies found it increases aggression or has no effect. To explain better this inconsistency, this study used latent class analysis to identify distinct subgroups of MA&CS practitioners based on aggression levels and related demographic and sports factors. Previous research predominantly employed a variable-centered approach to investigate the relationships between variables and their impact on outcomes. This study adopts a person-centered approach to identify subgroups that exhibit similar patterns of aggression, thereby enhancing the understanding of individual differences through variable configurations. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 367 participants aged between 16 and 57 years old (M = 27.28, SD = 9.52), including 23% of women, and 76% MA&CS athletes in such disciplines as Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ), karate Kyokushin (KK), mixed martial arts (MMA), and wrestling. Participants completed paper-and-pencil self-report psychological questionnaires, including the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and provided demographic information. Latent class analysis was performed using aggression scores, age, gender, education, economic status, MA&CS training experience, and discipline. Three latent classes were identified: MA&CS Experts (n = 182), MA&CS Newbies (n = 95), and Non-Athletes (n = 90). Among MA&CS Experts were more women [χ2(2) = 14.55, p