Determinants of physical activity participation among U.S. adolescents aged 12–17: A study of key factors

This study examines the influence of six key factors—family structure, poverty level, parental education, mental health, family resilience, and childhood adversity—on the participation of U.S. adolescents (ages 12–17) in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for at least 60 minutes per day. Using data from the 2018–2023 health surveys across all 50 states and the District of Columbia, the study applies significance difference analysis, random forest regression, and cluster analysis to assess the impact and interaction effects of these factors on adolescent physical activity. The results indicate that mental health, family resilience, and poverty level have the most significant influence on adolescents’ physical activity participation, with strong interactions among the variables. Cluster analysis further reveals disparities in physical activity participation across states, with certain states showing significant imbalances due to factors such as poverty and family support. These findings underscore the importance for policymakers to consider the unique socioeconomic contexts and policy environments of different states when promoting youth physical activity, advocating for tailored approaches to enhance adolescent physical activity levels.