A multi-domain collaborative denoising bearing fault diagnosis model based on dynamic inter-domain attention mechanism and noise-aware loss function

Rolling bearings are the core transmission components of large-scale rotating machinery such as wind power gearboxes and aviation engines, so timely and effective monitoring and diagnosis of their status are crucial to ensure the stable operation of equipment, reduce maintenance costs, and improve production efficiency. However, the noise interference in the industrial field often hides the original characteristics of the bearing fault signal, leading to the deep learning-based fault diagnosis model’s lack of diagnostic reliability in the strong industrial noise background. To address this problem, this paper proposes a multi-domain collaborative denoising diagnostic model based on dynamic inter-domain attention mechanism and noise-aware loss function. First, the model extracts high-dimensional features of bearing fault signals from multiple domains, such as time and frequency domains, aiming to enhance the richness and diversity of high-dimensional features to effectively suppress noise interference on the diagnostic results. Second, the dynamic inter-domain attention mechanism (DIDAM) is proposed, aiming to distinguish the importance of information in different signal domains and flexibly integrate them to realize more efficient and accurate multi-domain information fusion. Finally, the noise-aware loss function (NALF) is designed to avoid the phenomenon of the conduction model being prone to making wrong decisions due to excessive noise. Experimental results on two publicly available datasets, CWRU and MFPT, show that even in the extreme noise environment with SNR = –10 dB, the proposed model still achieves 81.25% and 76.36% fault diagnosis accuracies, which are better than most existing mainstream denoising models. Overall, the proposed method can still perform well under substantial noise interference, providing a new idea for intelligent bearing fault diagnosis in real industrial scenarios.