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The association between maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Mahdi Mohammadian
  • Lusine G Khachatryan
  • Filipp V Vadiyan
  • Mostafa Maleki
  • Fatemeh Fatahian
  • Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani

Abstract

Introduction: Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy is a significant public health concern with potential long-lasting effects on child development. ADHD, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, may be influenced by prenatal nicotine exposure. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the association between maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and the risk of ADHD in offspring. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), ERIC, CNKI, HTA Database, Dialnet, EBSCO, LENS, and Google Scholar for studies up to November 1, 2024. We included peer-reviewed studies reporting quantitative effect size estimates for the association between maternal tobacco smoking and ADHD. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: We identified 2,981 articles and included 55 studies (4,016,522 participants) in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed a significant association between maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and increased risk of ADHD in offspring (pooled Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.55-1.88; P

Suggested Citation

  • Mahdi Mohammadian & Lusine G Khachatryan & Filipp V Vadiyan & Mostafa Maleki & Fatemeh Fatahian & Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, 2025. "The association between maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(2), pages 1-28, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0317112
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317112
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