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Spatial patterns and predictors of missing key contents of care during prenatal visits in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analyses

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  • Aklilu Habte Hailegebireal
  • Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu
  • Yordanos Sisay Asgedom
  • Jira Wakoya Feyisa

Abstract

Background: Quality Antenatal Care (ANC) is considered if pregnant women have access to essential services that align with the best evidence-based practice. Although several studies have been conducted on ANC uptake in Ethiopia, they have focused on the timing and number of visits and the level of complete uptake of care contents according to the WHO recommendation remains scarce. Hence, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of missing care content during ANC visits, its spatial variations, and individual- and community-level determinants in Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey and included a total weighted sample of 4,771 women who gave birth within five years before the survey. Spatial analysis was carried out using Arc-GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 statistical software. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I) was checked to determine the non-randomness of the spatial variation in the missing contents of care. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using STATA version 16. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with its corresponding 95% CI was used as a measure of association. Results: The prevalence of missing full contents of ANC in Ethiopia was 88.2% (95% CI: 87.2, 89.0), with significant spatial variations observed across regions. Missing essential contents of care was higher among women who live in rural areas (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.71), not completed formal education (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI:1.24, 3.02), late initiation of ANC (aOR = 3.05, 95% CI:1.59, 6.54), attended only one ANC (aOR = 4.13, 95% CI: 1.95, 8.74), and not having a mobile phone (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.95). Conclusion: The level of missing care content during prenatal visits was high in Ethiopia, with significant spatial variation across regions. Health systems and policymakers should promote early initiation and encourage multiple visits to provide optimal care to pregnant women. In addition, it is vital to focus on enhancing education and healthcare infrastructure in rural parts of the country.

Suggested Citation

  • Aklilu Habte Hailegebireal & Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu & Yordanos Sisay Asgedom & Jira Wakoya Feyisa, 2024. "Spatial patterns and predictors of missing key contents of care during prenatal visits in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analyses," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(11), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0313893
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313893
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    1. Ema Akter & Aniqa Tasnim Hossain & Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman & Anisuddin Ahmed & Tazeen Tahsina & Tania Sultana Tanwi & Nowrin Nusrat & Quamrun Nahar & Shams El Arifeen & Mahbub Elahi Chowdhury, 2023. "Levels and determinants of quality antenatal care in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(5), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Pramesh Raj Ghimire & Gretchen Buck & Jackie Jackson & Emma Woolley & Rebekah Bowman & Louise Fox & Shirlena Gallagher & Malindey Sorrell & Lorraine Dubois, 2023. "Impact of Antenatal Care on Perinatal Outcomes in New South Wales, Australia: A Decade-Long Regional Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-15, January.
    3. Eric Arthur, 2012. "Wealth and antenatal care use: implications for maternal health care utilisation in Ghana," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. repec:plo:pone00:0204752 is not listed on IDEAS
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