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Fractal perspective of superquadratic functions with generalized probability estimations

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  • Saad Ihsan Butt
  • Dawood Khan
  • Youngsoo Seol

Abstract

This study introduces for the first time a class of generalized superquadratic functions specifically on fractal sets and explores their unique features. The research develops several generalized inequalities, including Jensen’s, converse Jensen’s, Mercer Jensen’s and Hermite-Hadamard’s inequalities based on the properties of generalized superquadratic functions. The findings are confirmed through reduced results, numerical calculations and graphical depictions, ensuring the robustness and accuracy of the proposed inequalities by taking into account several appropriate examples. A detailed comparative analysis between inequalities derived from generalized superquadratic functions and those from generalized convex functions, highlighting the greater refinement provided by the generalized superquadratic functions. The study enhances its findings with practical applications in probability expectations and special means in fractal space, demonstrating the applicability and relevance of the new results in these domains. The new results presented in this work provide significant extensions and improvements over existing literature, showcasing advancements and potential for further research in the field.

Suggested Citation

  • Saad Ihsan Butt & Dawood Khan & Youngsoo Seol, 2025. "Fractal perspective of superquadratic functions with generalized probability estimations," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(2), pages 1-24, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0313361
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313361
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luo, Chunyan & Wang, Hao & Du, Tingsong, 2020. "Fejér–Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities involving generalized h-convexity on fractal sets and their applications," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    2. Saad Ihsan Butt & Saba Yousaf & Hijaz Ahmad & Taher A. Nofal, 2022. "Jensen–Mercer Inequality And Related Results In The Fractal Sense With Applications," FRACTALS (fractals), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 30(01), pages 1-11, February.
    3. Chunyan Luo & Yuping Yu & Tingsong Du, 2021. "An Improvement Of Hã–Lder Integral Inequality On Fractal Sets And Some Related Simpson-Like Inequalities," FRACTALS (fractals), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 29(05), pages 1-20, August.
    4. Khan, Dawood & Butt, Saad Ihsan, 2024. "Superquadraticity and its fractional perspective via center-radius cr-order relation," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    5. Butt, Saad Ihsan & Khan, Ahmad, 2023. "New fractal–fractional parametric inequalities with applications," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
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