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Joint optimization of overbooking and seat allocation for high-speed railways considering stochastic demand

Author

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  • Jing Xu
  • Lianbo Deng
  • Xinlei Hu
  • Jiayi Liu
  • Weidong Tan

Abstract

To mitigate empty seat loss caused by random passenger no-show behavior, this study extends seat allocation to joint optimization of overbooking and seat allocation for high-speed railways (HSR). Assuming that stochastic passenger demand follows a specific distribution and considering various constraints, including train capacity, demand, and denied boarding rate constraints, a nonlinear stochastic programming model for joint optimization of overbooking and seat allocation for HSR is constructed with the aim of maximizing railway expected revenue. To solve this optimization model, a multi-level optimization algorithm is designed. Based on the sampling averaging approximation method, demand scenarios and passenger no-show scenarios are generated and the optimization problem is decomposed, including the joint optimization of overbooking and seat allocation under a single demand scenario, and the ticket adjustment under other demand scenarios. For the former, it is further divided into two sub-problems according to the stochastic nature of passenger no-show behavior, which is optimized iteratively. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is evaluated through numerical studies. The results demonstrate that the proposed joint optimization method effectively addresses the randomness of passenger demand and no-show behavior, thereby improving HSR expected revenue and making up for the empty seat loss resulting from passenger no-show behavior.

Suggested Citation

  • Jing Xu & Lianbo Deng & Xinlei Hu & Jiayi Liu & Weidong Tan, 2024. "Joint optimization of overbooking and seat allocation for high-speed railways considering stochastic demand," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(11), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0312745
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312745
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. S. M. Qasim & Jamal A. Farooquie, 2024. "Economics of secondary queue of Indian railways passenger reservation system: a queueing science approach," OPSEARCH, Springer;Operational Research Society of India, vol. 61(4), pages 1795-1824, December.
    2. Wuyang Yuan & Lei Nie, 2020. "Optimization of seat allocation with fixed prices: An application of railway revenue management in China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-25, April.
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