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Bacteriological quality of drinking water and its associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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  • Chala Daba
  • Leykun Berhanu
  • Belay Desye
  • Gete Berihun
  • Abebe Kassa Geto

Abstract

Introduction: Drinking contaminated water is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa, where access to safe drinking water is limited. Although numerous studies have investigated the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Ethiopia, their findings have been inconsistent and varied, hindering the implementation of effective water quality monitoring. Moreover, there is a lack of nationwide assessment of the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the bacteriological quality of drinking water and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: An international electronic database, including PubMed, Science Direct, Global Health, CINAHL, African Journals Online, HINARI, and Google Scholar was employed to retrieve the relevant articles. The study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size, and the Egger regression model was employed using STATA 14 software to assess potential publication bias. Results: A total of 26 studies involving 7,962 water samples met the eligibility criteria for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of at least one bacteriological contamination of drinking water was 52.26% (95%CI: 39.09–65.43), with extreme heterogeneity (I2 = 99.7%; p-value

Suggested Citation

  • Chala Daba & Leykun Berhanu & Belay Desye & Gete Berihun & Abebe Kassa Geto, 2025. "Bacteriological quality of drinking water and its associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(1), pages 1-22, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0310731
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310731
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