Knowledge of Tuberculosis preventive treatment among people living with HIV: A cross-sectional survey in selected regions of Tanzania

Background: Tuberculosis remains a significant global health concern, especially for People Living with HIV, who are at an increased risk of severe TB disease. Despite the availability of TB Preventive Treatment, knowledge gaps persist among People Living with HIV regarding its importance, accessibility, and administration. The study aimed to assess TPT knowledge levels and determinants among People Living with HIV in Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to May 2023 in 12 regions of mainland Tanzania. The study included PLHIV aged 18 years and above, receiving HIV care in selected Care and Treatment Centers. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and Tuberculosis preventive treatment knowledge. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were employed for data analysis. Results: Out of the 391 People Living with HIV interviewed, 71.4% demonstrated adequate Tuberculosis preventive treatment knowledge. Female participants, those attending urban health facilities, and individuals with longer durations of HIV care exhibited higher Tuberculosis preventive treatment knowledge levels. However, knowledge disparities persisted based on demographic characteristics such as gender and location of health facilities. Conclusion: While a considerable portion of People Living with HIV demonstrated adequate higher Tuberculosis preventive treatment knowledge, addressing gaps among those with lower understanding is crucial. Targeted education campaigns tailored to the needs of People Living with HIV, especially in rural areas and among male populations, are essential. Collaborative efforts between national health programs and community organizations are vital to integrate Tuberculosis preventive treatment awareness effectively into comprehensive HIV care programs, ultimately reducing the burden of Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV and the general population.