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Prevalence of cognitive impairment and its predictors among chronic kidney disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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  • Jialing Zhang
  • Leiyun Wu
  • Peixin Wang
  • Yajing Pan
  • Xingtong Dong
  • Linpei Jia
  • Aihua Zhang

Abstract

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is associated with a poor prognosis. We assessed the prevalence and associated factors of CI in patients with CKD. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science through December 1, 2023. Random effects models were performed with subgroup analyses to further explore the heterogeneity. Results: 50 studies involving 25,289 CKD patients were included. The overall prevalence of CI was 40% (95% confidence interval 33–46). The pooled prevalence of CI was relatively higher in CKD patients from Africa (58%), Asia (44%) and America (37%). Attention and executive dysfunction appeared to be the most common manifestations. The prevalence of CI was higher among patients with hemodialysis (53%) and peritoneal dialysis (39%) than those without dialysis (32%) and post-kidney transplanted (26%). In addition, advanced age, the presence of diabetes and hypertension might increase the risk of CI in CKD patients. Conclusions: People with CKD have a high prevalence of CI, especially in patients with hemodialysis. An early and comprehensive screening for CI in CKD patients is needed to improve clinical outcomes. Trial registration: Registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42023412864)

Suggested Citation

  • Jialing Zhang & Leiyun Wu & Peixin Wang & Yajing Pan & Xingtong Dong & Linpei Jia & Aihua Zhang, 2024. "Prevalence of cognitive impairment and its predictors among chronic kidney disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0304762
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304762
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    1. Karumathil M Murali & Judy Mullan & Steven Roodenrys & Hicham I Cheikh Hassan & Maureen Lonergan, 2021. "Changes in measures of cognitive function in patients with end-stage kidney disease on dialysis and the effect of dialysis vintage: A longitudinal cohort study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18, May.
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