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Investigation of geographic disparities of diabetes-related hospitalizations in Florida using flexible spatial scan statistics: An ecological study

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  • Jennifer Lord
  • Agricola Odoi

Abstract

Background: Hospitalizations due to diabetes complications are potentially preventable with effective management of the condition in the outpatient setting. Diabetes-related hospitalization (DRH) rates can provide valuable information about access, utilization, and efficacy of healthcare services. However, little is known about the local geographic distribution of DRH rates in Florida. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the geographic distribution of DRH rates at the ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) level in Florida, identify significant local clusters of high hospitalization rates, and describe characteristics of ZCTAs within the observed spatial clusters. Methods: Hospital discharge data from 2016 to 2019 were obtained from the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration through a Data Use Agreement with the Florida Department of Health. Raw and spatial empirical Bayes smoothed DRH rates were computed at the ZCTA level. High-rate DRH clusters were identified using Tango’s flexible spatial scan statistic. Choropleth maps were used to display smoothed DRH rates and significant high-rate spatial clusters. Demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare-related characteristics of cluster and non-cluster ZCTAs were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: There was a total of 554,133 diabetes-related hospitalizations during the study period. The statewide DRH rate was 8.5 per 1,000 person-years, but smoothed rates at the ZCTA level ranged from 0 to 101.9. A total of 24 significant high-rate spatial clusters were identified. High-rate clusters had a higher percentage of rural ZCTAs (60.9%) than non-cluster ZCTAs (41.8%). The median percent of non-Hispanic Black residents was significantly (p

Suggested Citation

  • Jennifer Lord & Agricola Odoi, 2024. "Investigation of geographic disparities of diabetes-related hospitalizations in Florida using flexible spatial scan statistics: An ecological study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(6), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0298182
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298182
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anne Scott & Duncan Chambers & Elizabeth Goyder & Alicia O’Cathain, 2017. "Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, morbidity and diabetes management for adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-19, May.
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