Development of insomnia in patients with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aim: Stroke is a serious threat to human life and health, and post-stroke insomnia is one of the common complications severely impairing patients’ quality of life and delaying recovery. Early understanding of the relationship between stroke and post-stroke insomnia can provide clinical evidence for preventing and treating post-stroke insomnia. This study was to investigate the prevalence of insomnia in patients with stroke. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were used to obtain the eligible studies until June 2023. The quality assessment was performed to extract valid data for meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, with 1,193,659 participants, of which 497,124 were patients with stroke.The meta-analysis indicated that 150,181 patients with stroke developed insomnia during follow-up [46.98%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 36.91–57.18] and 1806 patients with ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) developed insomnia (47.21%, 95% CI: 34.26–60.36). Notably, 41.51% of patients with the prevalence of nonclassified stroke developed insomnia (95% CI: 28.86–54.75). The incidence of insomnia was significantly higher in patients with acute strokes than in patients with nonacute strokes (59.16% vs 44.07%, P