Climbing the Giara: A quantitative reassessment of movement and visibility in the Nuragic landscape of the Gesturi plateau (South-Central Sardinia, Italy)

The built landscape of Nuragic Sardinia is an exceptional case for geostatistical analysis, allowing for a discussion of long-held assumptions and ideas. The function of nuraghi (ca. 1700–1100 BCE), the most prominent settled monument of the Sardinian Bronze Age, has been addressed via a multiplicity of landscape approaches, mainly relying on intuitive assessments of their spatial properties: nuraghi were assumed as means of territorial control. The series of nuraghi crowning the mesa plateau named Giara of Gesturi (South-Central Sardinia) provides a significant case for the study of their relations with visibility and movement. Context-oriented GIS models based on viewsheds and least-cost paths have been devised as targeted tools. The results show a certain correlation between nuraghi and potential movement on the slopes, thanks to the selection of plateau morphologies such as outward crests. Anyway, nuraghi do not stand exactly at the most accessible points of the plateau. Nuraghi offered ample visual control, especially at large distances, but not specifically over the closest accessible ways. This suggests that the function of nuraghi is somehow connected to defense and visibility, but it is not explained directly by local territorial control: a role as landmarks and multifaceted monuments has likely to be envisioned.